Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT)
The Key Things to Know:
Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT) is the first-line procedure used to diagnose and treat bladder cancer. It is performed through the urethra without any external cuts. The tumour is removed and sent for laboratory analysis to determine the type, grade, and stage of cancer.
What It Is
TURBT is performed under general or spinal anaesthetic using a thin telescope (resectoscope) passed through the urethra. The surgeon removes visible tumours using an electric loop or laser and cauterises the area to control bleeding. The tissue is sent for histopathology to confirm whether the cancer is superficial (non-muscle invasive) or invasive. A single dose of intravesical chemotherapy may be given at the end of the procedure to reduce recurrence risk.
When It's Needed
TURBT is recommended for: - Diagnosis of suspected bladder cancer seen on cystoscopy or imaging - Removal of visible bladder tumours - Restaging when previous biopsies are incomplete - Monitoring recurrence during follow-up of known bladder cancer
Surgery Diagram
Benefits
No external incision - performed through natural urinary passage
Both diagnostic and therapeutic in one procedure
Rapid recovery (usually day surgery)
Can be repeated safely for recurrences
Risks
Blood in urine for several days (common)
Urinary infection (≈5-10%)
Temporary burning or frequency when passing urine
Perforation of the bladder wall (≈1-3%, usually managed conservatively)
Recurrence of bladder cancer (≈30-70%, depending on tumour grade and type)
What to Expect After Surgery
You’ll usually stay in hospital for a few hours or overnight. A catheter may be placed for 1-2 days to allow urine to drain freely. Blood-stained urine is normal early on. Avoid heavy lifting for 1 week and drink plenty of fluids. You’ll receive follow-up results within 1-2 weeks and may be advised on further intravesical therapy or repeat TURBT based on findings.
FAQs
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It can cure low-grade, small, non-invasive tumours, but ongoing surveillance is required.
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For high-grade or large tumours, a second TURBT ensures complete removal and accurate staging.
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Typically cystoscopy every 3-6 months, depending on your risk category.
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